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Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms has become even more popular in recent years, yet they have been used for both their medicinal and culinary value for thousands of years, especially in Asian cultures. The shiitake mushrooms are the third most widely cultivated mushrooms in the world behind the oyster and button mushrooms, with the American market increasing the fastest. These dark brown, umbrella shaped mushrooms are a very popular protein source in Japan, as well as being a major staple in China’s diet.

The shiitake mushroom has been grown commercially in the US for over 25 years and is becoming more and more popular in the gourmet markets. They have been used in vegetarian dishes as a meat substitute because of their meaty texture and full bodied flavor. These organic mushrooms wholesale for about $5.00 to $9.00 a pound and those who grow them will normally receive about $5.00 to $7.00 for well formed and fresh mushrooms.

For those who are interested in growing these organic shiitake mushrooms on a large scale, there is normally a large initial investment involved. The shiitake mushroom is a good choice because this variety can be grown very well in an artificial environment; however, if you run a large operation you will generally need compressed grain or sawdust logs, as well as large climate controlled locations in which to do so, thus a larger initial investment. However, on a smaller scale these all natural mushrooms are easier to grow as it can be done on white oaks logs in a shaded forest setting.

A shady location is needed to stack and store the logs and the growing area needs enough area to be able to move the logs, load the trucks and perform any other operations that are necessary to the production of the organic mushrooms. At least 60% shade is needed, which is why hardwood and pine tree forests are good, as the hardwoods provide shade during the hot months and the pines provide continuous shade.

Of course, just as with everything else there are risk factors involved in the production and cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, such as pest damages, marketing challenges and bad weather. You need to have plenty of water or moisture during the growing months of summer, as it is vital for a good quality product. Any dry extended periods will negatively impact the growing of these mushrooms and will yield a lower quality crop, which means lower prices when they are sold.

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After the successful cultivation of exotic and edible plants, many people feel ready to try to grow the reishi mushroom. There is a very popular and successful cultivation method that is used to help prevent possible problems like sterilization issues, fox glove and laminar flow hood. It requires the application of peroxide during different stages of the mushrooms’ growth.

Rather than using pressure sterilization, it is possible to just do a 10 minute steaming to make the sawdust spawn medium from the wood pellet fuel, when you use peroxide as a cultivation method. For growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms, this is one of the quickest ways to make your own mushroom spawn, which can then be cultivated in your home instead of having to use a laboratory that has been sterilized. This also means that you are no longer limited to growing only the amount of spawn that will fit in a small pressure cooker, since you can use any number of large containers, as long as they have fitted lids.

Using peroxide as a cultivation method for growing the reishi mushroom means that you do not have to sterilize any bulk substrates or supplements in order to get your sawdust cultures ready; you really do not even have to heat the substrate. However, you will need to be sure to get starting materials that are compatible with peroxide, like nitrogen supplements and wood pellet fuel in order to avoid growing a toxic mushroom. Peroxide makes it possible to grow the cultures in either plastic buckets that have lids and are reusable, or trash bags rather than having to use expensive, bulk substrate filter patch bags.

Many of the all natural mushrooms prefer a denser substrate which is achieved through tightly packed sawdust based substrate. Adding the peroxide to the cultures helps them to keep from becoming anaerobic (not needing oxygen) as the mushroom mycelium breaks down the peroxide, which then releases oxygen.

Peroxide does kill the reishi mushroom spores so that makes it possible to grow the agar cultures inside the same enclosure or building that is used to fruit the mushrooms, even when the mushrooms create a higher spore load. Another benefit to using peroxide is that mushrooms grown this way do not contain any contaminants and are grown without encouraging the creation of any new type of resistant strains. Most people prefer to use the 3% solution as it contains no odor, and it is non-allergenic, readily available and inexpensive.

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Although the rich flavor has only recently become an American favorite, the mushroom culture in China has been alive and well for thousands of years. The shiitake mushroom is even considered a symbol of longevity, as the health benefits have been recognized and well documented.

These organic mushrooms are as mysterious as they are unique and delicious. While most people think of them as being a vegetable they are actually a fungus. This means they are a special kind of living organism without roots, seeds, flowers or leaves. They have been found to contain over 80 nutrients that are wonderful for the body and have become very popular as a healthy addition to meals.

The shiitake mushroom can attribute some of its healthful benefits to the fact that it contains a substance called lentinan. This has been known to boost the body’s ability to protect against diseases and enables is to fight off different viruses, such as influenza. It has even been known to be more potent than prescription medication in treating some viruses, such as AIDS, which is a huge plus to those afflicted with the disease.

Lentinan is a polysaccharide and studies have indicated that it has good anti-cancer properties. It tends to produce reticular fibers at the site of the tumors and these fibers in turn become immune cells, which then spread throughout the body into different tissue areas. They have the ability to take in the bacteria and the old cancer cells, reducing the number in the body. The medicinal effects of the lentinan in these mushrooms could be a great boon to cancer research and treatment.

While you can normally find the shiitake mushroom in almost any of your local grocery stores or sold in nutrition and health stores, if you have difficulty locating them, then check your local area for any Asian markets as they will no doubt carry a good assortment of mushrooms. If the mushrooms appear to be clean, firm and plump, then those are the ones that you want. Try to stay away from any that appear slimy or wrinkled. You can store fresh mushrooms for about a week if you place them in a loosely closed paper bag. Dried mushrooms that are placed in a tightly sealed container will stay good for up to a year in the freezer or the refrigerator.

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You may have noticed an increase in the amount of exposure that has been given to the benefits of medicinal mushrooms in recent years; whereas a few years ago there was little information available at all. Much like the use of ginseng in the Orient, the medicinal mushroom varieties that have been used for many years in China are becoming popular in America too, as more info about their medicinal properties becomes known.

According to mushroom history, some of the oldest recorded uses were as remedies against intestinal parasites, as well as being used to stop bleeding and cauterizing wounds. The mushrooms used were polypores, named because they have pores rather than gills underneath the heads. No known species of the polypore fungi are poisonous and they are normally found to grow on trees, both alive and dead.

Other that a few notable exceptions as being used as a medicine in tea, poultices and other extracts, the polypores are considered inedible due to being very woody and fibrous, thus are not ranked as a medicinal mushroom variety.

Native American traditions tell about using the different kinds of fungi to combat diseases such as smallpox and others that appeared along with the arrival of Europeans. These include species like the reishi, turkey tail and chaga mushroom varieties, as well as the now very rare and endangered agarikon. The Agarikon is the oldest of the organic mushrooms used as medicine in historic European literature. As far back as 65 B.C., a Greek physician by the name of Dioscorides recorded the species in the Materia Medica as a natural remedy used to fight tuberculosis. More recently, K. Grzywnowics wrote an article claiming that according to Polish medicine, agarikon tea had been traditionally used for such things as a long life elixir, for lung conditions such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and to help stop open bleeding and to clean wounds.

There are three main species of mushrooms from Asia that are mentioned in almost all of the Chinese writings on mushrooms that you could read. The first one is the shiitake mushroom. It is one of the most widely researched of mushrooms and has been used for about a thousand years as an immune system booster. The next medicinal mushroom is the cordyceps and it is used as an aphrodisiac, as well as to aid in the physical prowess of athletes. Finally there is the reishi, which is known for bestowing immortality in China and Japan.

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Many Chinese and Japanese vendors will still travel many miles to pick reishi mushrooms and then sell them on the street from their carts, which will then be used for food and for their medicinal effects, as they have done for thousands of years. Many people enjoy looking for these “flowers of the fall” and hunting for the wild mushrooms.

The reishi is a non toxic mushroom that can be eaten in several different forms on a daily basis, with no adverse side effects and with many good health benefits, according to experts. Reishi fungi are comprised of mainly complex carbohydrates that are water soluble and include proteins, amino acids and triterpeniods. It is said that when consumed regularly, this mushroom helps to ensure all of the body’s organs are functioning normally and helps to restore and maintain the body in a natural state.

The medicinal benefits of the reishi mushrooms include improving the memory and sharpening concentration abilities. They are considered adaptogens that will help your body adapt to stressful situations, which means it keeps the adrenalin flowing moderately to help even out the flight or fight response that the body normally goes through. They have also been shown to be a boost to the immune system, as well as lowering blood pressure and bad cholesterol that can attribute to cardiovascular problems, such as hypertension and stroke.

The health benefits of medicinal mushrooms, especially the reishi variety, also include the ability to dramatically lower blood sugar. Since diabetes appears to be on the increase in America, with the onset of juvenile diabetes being the one that is increasing the most rapidly, this is a huge help to those suffering with the disease by aiding in their sugar management.

Research has shown that reishi mushrooms and their related by-products actually help the body to normalize, regulate and maintain many of the organs and functions in our systems. Eating these mushrooms on a regular basis aids in the production of certain cancer fighting substances that occurs in the body naturally, and items such as reishi mushroom extract and other related products have also been shown to affect membranes of cancerous cells, which can result in the slowing down of the spreading of the cells. It has also proven to enhance and support the detoxification of both the liver and the kidneys by helping the liver to excrete the toxins and other harmful substances from the body, while keeping the kidneys more regulated.

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Many studies have been done that show the benefits of reishi mushrooms for a number of different ailments, specifically the mushroom extracts. The reishi mushroom has been called the medicine of the kings and the mushroom of immortality since ancient times in the Orient because it aids in lowering blood pressure. In more recent times, it also helps those with AIDS, and studies have even shown that it may be able to fight cancer, calm nerves, and relieve inflammation as well as allergies.

Of the numerous medicinal fungi options available, how can the reishi help out the human body in so many different ways? According to the Eastern school of thought the body has a need to build up its equilibrium against threats such as bacteria and viruses. Even emotional threats like stress may cause anxiety and reduce the body’s alertness. According to Chinese medicine, whatever the case may be, the reishi helps to maintain the body’s equilibrium and threats against it. They feel that diseases like cancer happen because the body is out of balance, and so this mushroom helps to keep that balance.

Although a number of people are still skeptical to this way of thinking and have a tendency to dismiss this train of thought from the Orient, recent research has proven that there are many benefits to be gained from reishi mushroom extracts. One substance of the extract is called polysaccharide beta, which raises the number of macrophage T-cells. This is a huge boost to those with immune system disorders such as AIDS.

This immune boosting is also a great help to those suffering from cancer because it also enables the T-cells to fight the cancer cells much more effectively. However the reishi mushroom extract may actually help the body to fight off cancer in even more ways, as it also helps the immunity cells bind to the tumor cells. There are many experts who believe it also helps to reduce the number of cancerous cells, which then makes it easier for the macrophage T-cells to get rid of the bad cells. Another component of the mushroom is canthaxanthin, which is used to slow down the growth of the cancerous cells.

The results of the research into the benefits of medicinal mushrooms and mushroom extracts are so positive that the government of Japan has officially recognized the use of reishi mushrooms as a form of cancer treatment. Cardio vascular disease is another area that is thought to benefit from this mushroom, as the protection it appears to offer against stroke and heart disease is remarkable. It helps to reduce many of the risk factors because of its high concentration of things like mannitol, ganoderic acids and sterols, which help to lower the level of triglycerides and removes excess cholesterol from blood. Their research shows that the reishi also helps to improve memory, and focuses and calms the mind.

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The cordyceps mushroom variety has been said to help the entire body and the glands in particular, and are considered to be a powerful and unusual mushroom in Chinese medicine. This fungus is found in high elevations where the temperatures and the oxygen levels are low.

It has been said that this mushroom was discovered in the pastures of the Tibetan mountains over 1,500 years ago, after noting that the animals that grazed there became more energetic after consuming this medicinal fungi. After that it was considered an energy tonic in the Orient and now modern studies and research have just begun to reveal the health benefits of medicinal mushrooms such as these. It has been shown that the benefits to the glands result in an increase in the body’s energy level.

The Medical University in Beijing has determined that the cordyceps mushroom is more potent then ginseng by performing placebo controlled double blind research studies. This appears to be backed up by the fact the women’s field and track team from China broke several world records in 1993 and 1994, with the coach claiming nothing more was done than training in higher altitudes and consuming a health product, which was the tonic made from this mushroom. Since some were skeptical and thought there may have been performance enhancing drugs involved, the team was tested with the result being that none of the athletes had drugs in their system.

Medicinal cordyceps mushrooms have been shown to be an aid in the reduction of stress, as well as being helpful in boosting your energy in order to help fight chronic fatigue and even in the restoration of sexual function and low sperm count. This medicinal fungus has even been shown to increase the levels of antioxidants that your body produces naturally, which promotes longevity. Other benefits include helpful anti-tumor and antibacterial properties.

The cordyceps mushroom is considered to be an effective treatment for other chronic diseases and illnesses, including the reduction of blood pressure and as a support for good cardiovascular and respiratory health. Up to a 40% increase in the opening of the aorta helps to increase cardiac output, and other properties of the mushroom aid in liver and nerve functions as well as boosting the immune system. Many physicians and experts also agree that they work well along side other medications used in the treatment of elderly fatigue, cerebrovascular problems, leukemia, hepatitis B, lung cancer, respiratory and renal disorders, heart arrhythmia and other cardiovascular diseases.

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